Sino-African relation---- Economic benefits
Name:Jia Haixia Student ID:s07571
Research paper supervisor:Dr.Seku Conde
Minzu University of China
2007-2008 Academic Year
Abstract: Sino-African relations refer to the political, economic and cultural connections between China and Africa. In November 3-5, 2006, the Sino-Africa Cooperation Forum Beijing Summit and the 3rd Ministerial Conference were held. 48 African Heads of State gathered in Beijing, and discuss future development plans，which was an important event in the history of the development of Sino-African。Since the two sides opened diplomatic relations 50 years ago, Sino-Africa friendship not only has withstood the test of time, but also more profound. But the so-called China threat theory and neo-colonialism, and other remarks let us reflect further on that Sino-Africa friendship touched whose interest? In this paper, we take concentration on the economic interests of Sino-Africa relations. From the view of economic interests, we discussed the different views of the Westerners, Africans and Chinese people for China-Africa economic relations, summed up China and Africa have established a strategic partnership, bilateral economic complementarily and reciprocity and harmonious development.
Key words: Sino-African relation; economic benefits; strategic partnership
Contents
Ⅰ Introduction
Ⅱ The review of Sino-African’s history
Ⅲ The analysis of Sino-African’s economic actuality
3.1 The inevitability of Sino-African economic cooperation
3.2 The potential development of African economy
3.3 Sino-African economic is complementarily and reciprocity
Ⅳ Different arguments of Sino-African’s economic cooperation
4.1 Occidental’s arguments
4.2 African’s arguments
4.3 Chinese’s arguments
Ⅴ The issue of Sino-African economic cooperation and measurement
Ⅵ Conclusion
Ⅶ References
Ⅰ Introduction
Sino-African relations refer to the political, economic and cultural connections between China and Africa. Relations began with the voyages made by Chinese admiral Zheng He and his fleet during the Ming Dynasty, coming upon the Horn of Africa and following the coast down to the Mozambique Channel. The goal of those expeditions was to spread Chinese culture by bringing gifts and granting titles from the Ming emperor to the local rulers, establishing a broad tribute paying circle.
In recent years, the People's Republic of China has built increasingly stronger ties with other African nations. As of August 2007, there are more than 750,000 Chinese nationals working in different African countries. Trade between China and African nations has increased 700% during the 1990s. China is currently Africa's third largest trading partner, after the United States and former colonial power France. In 2005, the trading business volume of Central Africa reaches 39,700,000,000 dollars, China becomes African first large import country and second export country. Africa is the important resource source of our country land and market, in which for China export, petroleum takes the 25% of the petroleum total import quantity of our country. (Recourse: Wang Hong Yi: "For 50 years, cooperative rich fruit is numerous"; Chinese international problem of research institute )
Sino-Africa relations are from the "Nan xiong nan di" in the Cold War period to “strategic partnership” today, from the whole world and change the pattern of Central Africa 50 in a development perspective observation, the relationship between the two sides in the positioning of new strategic partners, thus further enrich the connotation, Beyond the traditional political and economic level, has also increased the cultural content, the area of security cooperation, as well as in the humanities, sciences, education, human resource training and other aspects of cooperation, showing a three-dimensional, comprehensive, multi-level cooperation, but not Limited to inter-governmental diplomacy, extended to all sectors of the community interaction. The strategic partnership between China and African is beneficial to both sides.
Sino-African strategic partnership between China and Africa showed the following characteristics: First, China and African countries in the development of relations for half a century, the relations are very stable on the whole, is called “all-weather friends”. And the relations are constant develop ,the exchange levels are more and more high, from visits to the establishment of institutions of the strategic platform - Sino-Africa Cooperation Forum, then develop to the current summit. Secondly, although China and Africa are far apart geographically, but the two sides in dealing with international issues and bilateral relations developments have a position of a strong consistency. In the fight against unilateralism, promoting democratization of international relations, strengthening the authority of the United Nations, concerned about development issues, and in the fight against terrorism and promote the reform of the United Nations and other issues, the two sides views are almost all the same. In addition, China and African countries do not exist on the history of conflicts and disputes. Long-term friendly relations between the two sides were built by the Chinese leaders and many of Africa's heads of state. At that time, China supports African imperialism, colonialism, and provides a lot of moral and material assistance, and even military assistance to support the African national liberation, for independence and against apartheid struggle, therefore, the relations between China and Africa has a solid foundation. Even today, we can enjoy the fruits of the era of Sino-Africa friendship.
In 2006, China and Africa opened the 50th anniversary of diplomatic relations, marking the China-Africa relations to a new stage.( Recourse: In 21 century, the economic report economic: “complementary of Central Africa is mutually beneficial to cooperate to enter new times”)
In a world, For 50 years long, China and Africa support each other, treat each other equally and friendly cooperative relations will continue to consolidate and develop cooperation in various fields fruitful.
Ⅱ The review of Sino-African’s history
China and Africa have a long history of trade relations, sometimes over third parties, dating back as far as 202 BC and 220 AD (Snow 1998, p.2). The first mention of Africa in Chinese sources was in the Yu-yang-tsa-tsu by Tuan Cheng-shih (died 863 A.D.), a compendium of general knowledge. In this he writes about the "land of Po-pa-li", which refers to Somalia. In 1226 A.D. Chao ju kua, commissioner of foreign trade at Quanzhou in the Fujian province of China, completed his Chu-fan-chih (Description of Barbarous Peoples). It discusses Zanzibar (Ts'ong-pa) and Somalia (Pi-P'a-Lo) (Freeman-Grenville 1975).
In October of 1415, Chinese explorer Zheng He reached the eastern coast of Africa and sent the first of two giraffes as gifts to the Chinese emperor Yong'le (Snow 1998, p. 23).
The establishment of modern Sino-African relations dates back to the 1960s when Zhou Enlai made a ten-country tour between December 1963 and January 1964 to Africa. Relations at this time were often reflective of China's foreign policy in general. China "began to cultivate ties and offer[...] economic, technical and military support to African countries and liberation movements in an effort to encourage wars of national liberation and revolution as part of an international united front against both superpower" (Muekalia 2004, p.6). China's relations with Africa were affected by its relations with the Soviet Union and the United States. For example, China's original close ties to the anti-apartheid and liberation movement, African National Congress, in South Africa, but as China's relations with the Soviet Union worsened and the ANC moved closer to the Soviet Union, China moved further away from the ANC towards the Pan-aerialist Congress (Taylor 2000, p. 93).
China relied on several principles, among them supporting the independence of African countries while investing in infrastructural projects. During the Cold War a few smaller nations entered in alliances with China, such as Burundi under Michel Micombero.
Since 1997, around 30 African heads of state have visited China. The ministerial meeting, Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, held in Beijing in October 2000 was the first collective dialogue between China and African countries. The FOCAC Summit and the third Ministerial Conference were held in Beijing from November 3 to 5, 2006.
In recent years, the People's Republic of China has built increasingly stronger ties with other African nations. As of August 2007, there are more than 750,000 Chinese nationals working in different African countries. Trade between China and African nations has increased 700% during the 1990s. China is currently Africa's third largest trading partner, after the United States and former colonial power France.
Ⅲ The analysis of Sino-African’s economic actuality
3.1 The inevitability of Sino-African economic cooperation
In the 1980s, China's own economic development level is very low, not enough to eat and wear, but a very heavy commitment to Africa internationalist duty. Africa is also a friend of China return to the United Nations on issues such as help each other. In that period, Sino-African relations are indeed "poor to help the poor" manner. Today China's both national strength and international status have greatly strengthened in international affairs and played an increasingly important role. China still considers itself as a developing country, and takes the responsibility to defend the interests of developing countries, within the framework of international organizations and the formulation of international rules China does its best to protect African and other developing countries interests. Since entering the 21st century, China has to change "stay aloof from" practice, participate actively in the hot spots in Africa, the United Nations peacekeeping operations. In major national issue, China should coordinate with the African position, strengthen communication and cooperation. The African countries also tried to reverse the trend of being marginalized, and actively speed up the integration process and respond [...]
). If you have the permission, you can login now.