Mao’s strength and weakness on politics
Name: Wanglimei Student ID：s07301
Research paper supervisor:Dr.Seku Conde
Minzu University of China
2007-2008 Academic Year
Abstracts: By all reasonable standards of historical judgment, Mao Tse-tung must be counted among the most important political actors in chinese history.He has a special political state both in china and all over the world . An understanding of the legency of Mao Tse-tung helps to interpret the following opinions:①Mao Tse-tung had leaded the chinese to founded an independent country shows his talent on political ②Mao Tse-tung had started a new era for people in the long history of china.③The victory of new democratic revolution effected the “cold war” situation of the world. The arguments are as follows: Mao Tse-tung contributed much to china and he also had faults and weakness. Those were demonstrated in his political ideas distinctly.
Keywords：Mao Tse-tung strength weakness political ideas
ⅠIntroduction
Mao Tse-tung was a Chinese military and political leader who led the Communist Party of China (CPC) to victory against the Kuomintang (KMT) in the Chinese Civil War , and was the leader of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976. Mao was the acknowledged leader of the greatest and most popular of modern revolutions. And almost unique among revolutionary leaders, he remained the dominant figure in the postrevolutionary regime for more than a quarter of a century, presiding over the beginnings of the modern industrial transformation of the world's most populous land.
As a great military strategist and statesman,Mao was often praised for his contributions in the resistance against Japan and the founding of the People’s Republic, but criticized for his mistakes in the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution, he has both strength and weakness on political thoughts .Mao is still a controversial figure today.He is generally held in high regard in China where he is often portrayed as a great revolutionary and strategist who eventually defeated Chiang Kai-shek in the Chinese Civil War， and transformed the country into a major power through his policies. However, many of Mao's socio-political programs such as the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution are blamed by critics from both within and outside China for causing severe damage to the culture ，society， economy，and foreign relations of China, as well as enormous and unnecessary loss of lives, a peacetime death toll in the tens of millions.This essay will draw out that Mao Tse-tung contributed much to china on politic and he also had faults and weakness .This will help to interpret Mao Tse-tung idea subjectively.
Ⅱ Mao’s strength on politic
1 Founded people’s republic country of china in 1949 and eliminate the private system
Before the new democratic revolution ,Mao Tse-tung had analysised the state and effet of each class in china exactly :As there were much more proletariats than other classes in china, the proletariats should produce a marked effect. Mao began to depend on Chinese peasants who later became staunch supporters of his theory of violent revolution in his early life. This dependence on the rural rather than the urban proletariat to instigate violent revolution distinguished Mao from his predecessors and contemporaries. Mao himself was from a peasant family, and thus he cultivated his reputation among the farmers and peasants and introduced them to Marxism.[1]The aim of proletariat was to found a new democratic country in china ,the way was armed to seize power and to establish the people's dictatorship socialist country . Mao assumed that we should build socialism independently , begin in our own hands and through self-reliance, this is a method to argue all the people to struggle for his country .Then he carry out the socialist revolution and the building of democratic politic,he made every people to be the owner of himself. Stand for the people's democratic dictatorship, he announced his article <On the People's Democratic Dictatorship> on June 30 ,1949. [2] Through revolution and reform, build of democratic politics with Chinese characteristics and reform the government apparatus. Bring representatives of all political parties and groups ,we should lead the government into management of the state and weed out the hidden pro-Japanese elements and traitors in the government, so that the government can become one with the people.Form October 1949 to October 1950, the Chinese People's Liberation Army eliminated more than 1 million Kuomintang troops and 1 million armed bandits, liberated all the territory of a nation except Taiwan and several other islands from all the land.Then four of the administrative area were established,and 28 People's Government of Province and 2087 People's Government County were established ,the people's regime were consolidated[3].
The private system was eliminate according to the agricultural cooperation of the farmer .After the 16th CPC Central Committee of China, hundreds of millions of farmers corresponding to the call of the party of the country, to join the agricultural cooperating club. In the end of 1955, the primary agricultural cooperation development to 1.095 million, concluding 75.45 million households, accounting for 63.3 percent of the total rural households. In the second half of 1955 senior agricultural cooperation soared from 500 are 17,000, increase of 34 times, about 4.75 million farmers join in and accounting for 4 per cent of the total rural households. By the end of 1956, the senior clubs have reached 540,000, 107.422 million farmers participated in them, accounting for 87.7 % of the total rural households. This indicates that China's rural system of private ownership of the socialist transformation has been completed. [4].
The establishment of people's democratic country in china had a great influence to other countries. In the 20th century,from October 1917 socialist revolution in Russia to the late 1960s the China's proletarian cultural revolution , the socialist revolution reached a shocking climax of the world capitalist system. It also effected the “cold war” situation of the world.
2 Co-operation with the Kuomintang to resistent janpan
According to Marxism with China's actual conditions of the principle ,mao had developed correct strategy and tactics. Mao called all the people to struggle for his country and accecpted the leadership of communist party of china which founded the organization of resistence of japan in 1935. Mao has developed the traditional culture of harmonious development of ideology in china , both in party or not, the military and civilian, ethnic and national, international and political parties, between the various countries. He said :“ Unite the entire Chinese, the government and the armed forces to build up the national united front as our solid Great Wall to resistent janpan!” Mao Tse-tung also said:”Resistance to Japan is a gigantic task which cannot be performed by a few individuals alone”. If he insist on keeping it in their own hands, he will only bungle it. If the government is to be a real government of national defence, it must rely on the people and practise democratic centralism. “It must be at once democratic and centralized; it is this kind of government which is the most powerful. The nation must be truly representative of the people; it must be the supreme organ of authority, determine the major policies of the state and decide on the policies and plans for resisting Japan and saving the nation.”
For example, the co-operation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party shows that he consider much for the country . On July 7, 1937, the Japanese imperialists staged the Lukouchiao Incident in their attempt to annex the whole of China by armed force. The Chinese people unanimously demanded war against Japan. Ten days elapsed before Chiang Kai-shek tardily made a public statement at Lushan announcing armed resistance to Japan. He did so under nation-wide popular pressure and as a result of the serious blow the Japanese invasion had dealt to the interests both of the British and U.S. imperialists in China and of the big landlords and the big bourgeoisie whom Chiang Kai-shek directly represented. But at the same time the Chiang Kai-shek government continued to parley with the Japanese aggressors and even accepted the so-called peaceful settlements they concluded with local authorities[5] .It was not until August 13, 1937, when the Japanese aggressors launched a major attack on Shanghai and thus made it impossible for Chiang Kai-shek to maintain his rule in southeastern China, that he was compelled to embark on armed resistance; but Chiang never ceased his clandestine attempts to make peace with Japan right up to 1944. Throughout the War of Resistance Chiang Kai-shek opposed all-out people's war in which the entire people are mobilized, and pursued the reactionary policy of passively resisting Japan but actively opposing the Communist Party and the people; thus his actions completely violated his own Lushan statement that "once war breaks out, every person, young or old, in the north or in the south, must take up the responsibility of resisting Japan and defending our homeland". The two policies, two sets of measures and two perspectives discussed by Comrade Mao Tse-tung reflect the struggle between the line of the Communist Party and Chiang Kai-shek's line in the War of Resistance. [6] Considering for the overall situation [...]
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