China's national education policy of the status quo and countermeasures
Name:Shi Shasha Student ID: s08254
Research paper supervisor:Dr.Sekou Conde
Minzu University of China
2008-2009 Academic Year
Abstract: The education policy is a dynamic process of development purposes, in the new situation, China's national education reform and development is faced with unprecedented opportunities. Research-based evidence and the use of survey research, field studies and literature research methods of social research.In its policy development and perfection of the process, care should be taken in the choice of the aims of education to the modernization of a scalar, prominent leader of national education; in guiding the reform and development thinking, we should insist on economic function and social function of both, and a moderate tilt to the economic function; in education and adheres to the speed of growth, both effective and gradually turn to improve the efficiency of the track; in the overall structure of education, it is necessary to highlight the status and role of career; At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen national education policy legislative work, pay attention to national characteristics.
Key words: national education; policy; the status quo; Countermeasures
Introduction
Education policy is the purpose of a dynamic development process of political parties, government and other political entities for the realization of a certain historical period of the educational purposes and tasks in accordance with the provisions and guidelines of conduct. [1] national education policy is a political party, the Government and other political entities for the realization of a certain historical period of the national education goals and tasks in accordance with the provisions and guidelines of conduct. China's national education policy in nearly 60 years of continuous development and improvement of the process has made great achievements, but there are still a number of shortcomings and deficiencies.
First, China's national education policy is deficient
(A) the system of national education policy is not perfect. From the founding of the early 60's, China's national education policy is the formation period. June 1950, Zhou Enlai in the country to address the Conference on Higher Education said: "China is a multi-ethnic country, the brothers should pay attention to national characteristics and the form of ethnic brothers to each other's strengths to learn from each other in order to be scientific the content is delivered to people of all ethnic groups, and good education. " The first National Conference on Education reported that education of ethnic minorities "mizu forms must be taken to take care of national characteristics, and can be a good combination of the actual situation in the nation." [2] However, we have clearly shown, when the national education policy has begun to take shape the system is not perfect, however, is quite a number of policy principles, rough, the lack of specific operational requirements. Some of the policies followed by the political focus from the more, the lack of scientific analysis and demonstration of the rule of law is insufficient and therefore very susceptible to subjective factors.
(B) the content of national education policy are more abstract. National education policy is to refer to national and political parties in order to develop national education, the achievement of a certain historical period of the education line, principles, objectives and tasks to develop, publish specific guidelines for action in the form of a wide range, including policy, strategy, laws, decrees, ordinances, regulations, decisions, instructions and so on. [3] From the early founding of the Third Plenary Session of the period, China's introduction of the national education policies and regulations than the performance of Hubei Education Essays on the social sciences more prominent after 1958, because of the "Left" thinking of the impact, in some places undue ethnic minority areas to criticize the "special" and "backward" and taken some stage of development goes beyond the practice of history, many national schools have been withdrawn or the merger of the cancellation of national language teaching, national treatment of students at public expense, or weakened by the abolition of national education impact on policy.
(C) the national education policy may be strong enough interoperability. China is a united multi-ethnic country, the vastness of all nationalities, all different areas, which is different from the decision of the national education in general education, must be from the nation, the reality of the region to develop policies in order to receive good results . Do not pay attention to national characteristics of the national education policy, it is not suited to the national society can not be naturally integrated into the national consciousness of members. [4] September 1956, in accordance with the spirit of Zhou Enlai's instructions, the State Council issued a "minority education expenditure on the instructions of" requirements: the primary and secondary schools in minority areas the issue of tuition fees should be based on local living conditions of the provisions of the masses. The living conditions of the poorer areas, should not charge fees that are customary or actual implementation of conditional fees and the need to expand the quota relief. The establishment of national primary and secondary schools should be fixed properly taken care of. These policies and provisions of fuzzy terms, the region did not have a firm standard, resulting in inconsistencies in the operation.
(D) the concept of national education policy is lagging behind. Ethnic minority areas affected by the impact of other areas of education, education studies into a simple exam-oriented education, education structure is irrational, the teaching content and lack of national characteristics, to varying degrees out of the needs of local economic construction. As a result of poverty-stricken counties in the education of ethnic minorities and backward economic base is the focus of the development of education and difficult, given the focus of the national support。[5]The concept of national education policy, the existence of "only on the sexual", "text" and "non-scientific nature of" the limitations of almost "curing" the mindset of the current operation of the national education policy impact. Therefore, continued to strengthen the awareness of education, and more deeply understand the importance of education policy, not only the requirements of education policy makers, as well as educators, and even the requirements of the whole population. In ethnic minority areas, it is the policy of education and understanding of the concept of .Also remain in the original, such as superficial, depending on the basis of need to seriously constrain the development of minority education.
Second, the current national education policy issues facing
(A) national education policy issues facing the theory.
1. To improve the system of minority education policy. Since the Third Plenary Session of the party and the state of minority education in accordance with the actual needs, adopted a series of effective policies and measures, in the original development of national education on the basis of established characteristics of the times, adapt to the times characteristics, the new system of national minorities. After more than two decades of reform and opening-up efforts to improve minority education system increasingly has been formed from the pre-school education, primary education, secondary education to higher education to improve minority education system. Reasonable structure of the growing education of ethnic minorities, and gradually formed a national basic education, vocational education in the nation, national higher education, adult education co-ordination of national development, good posture and reasonable layout for the ethnic minority areas of political, economic, and cultural development of various social undertakings has laid a solid foundation. [6] However, we present system of national education policy is still very imperfect, and not the cause of national education in our country to provide effective protection.
2. Improve minority education laws and regulations. Since the founding of the PRC, especially since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Party, the party and the state has adopted a series of correct principles, policies and measures to support the development of national education to national education and embarked on the track of healthy development. At the same time, strengthening the legislative work of the field of education, the promotion of the rule of law teaching in this period of education has also become an important aspect of the work. . Published in 1993 "national development and reform of national education guidelines (for trial implementation)", clear recommendations for strengthening the national education legislation. According to "the Constitution", "Law on Regional National Autonomy" and the "Compulsory Education Law" the relevant provisions of the development of "Interim Regulations on education of ethnic minorities", in the implementation process seriously sum up experience, to constantly improve, and on this basis to develop the "minority education law" so that the law has gradually got onto the [...]
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